0 Nested Structures in ABAP

Nested Structures in ABAP :

Structure with in the another structure is called nested   structure

We can declare the nested structure in 3 ways

Way1:

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZEBRA7
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT  ZEBRA7 NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*// declare the first structure
data  : begin of stru1,
       stuno type i,
      stuname type  char10,
     end of stru1.
*// declare the second structure
data : begin of siva ,
     sivaco type char12,
    sivaemp type char12.
include structure stru1.
data : end of siva.
*// assign the values to the structure
stru1-stuno = 239.
stru1-stuname = 'ram'.
siva-sivaco = 'local'.
siva-sivaemp = '234'.
*//output
write: stru1-stuno, siva-sivaco, siva-sivaemp.

Output:

239   local     234

Way 2:

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZEBRA7
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT  ZEBRA7 NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*// declare
data  : begin of stru1,
       stuno type i,
      stuname type  char10,
     end of stru1.

data : begin of emp ,
       empno type i,
      empname type char12,
      lc_stuct like stru1,
 end of emp.
*// assign
emp-empno = 100.
emp-empname = 'REDDY'.
emp-lc_stuct-stuno = 20.
emp-lc_stuct-stuname = 'ram'.


*//output
write: emp-empno, emp-empname, emp-lc_stuct-stuno, emp-lc_stuct-stuname.

Output:

100     REDDY     20    ram

Way 3:

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZEBRA7
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT  ZEBRA7 NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*// declare structure
data : begin of emp ,
       empno type i,
      empname type char12,
      begin of stru1,
       stuno type i,
      stuname type  char10,
       end of stru1,
 end of emp.
*// assign values to structure
emp-empno         = 100.
emp-empname       = 'REDDY'.
emp-stru1-stuno   = 20.
emp-stru1-stuname = 'ram'.


*//output
write: emp-empno, emp-empname, emp-stru1-stuno, emp-stru1-stuname.

Output: 100     REDDY     20    ram

0 Constants in SAP ABAP

Constants in SAP ABAP :


Constants refers to the fixed values that do not change during the execution of a program. A "constant" is a number, character, or character string that can be used as a value in a program.
A constant can be

a number, like 58 or 1.9

a character, like S or @

a character string, like "this is a SAP"


Using "CONSTANTS" keyword we can declare Constants

Syntax :

CONSTANTS : <Name> TYPE <Data Type> VALUE <' number/character/character string'>


EX :

 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZCONSTANTS
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT  zconstants NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.

* Declaration Of Constants. *
* Constants: - We can n't change value at run time. *
* Keyword for Constant is 'CONSTANT'. *

** Program Starts *

* Declaring and Assigning values to Constants. *

CONSTANTS : name    TYPE char10  VALUE 'vishnu'.
CONSTANTS : number  TYPE i      VALUE 10.

* Displaying output. *

WRITE : name,
        number.