0 Difference between TYPE and LIKE in ABAP

Difference between TYPE and LIKE in SAP ABAP :


TYPE : It will allocate memory during execution (object type).
       TYPE will improve performance.
       It is used when userdefined object link with SAP system data type.
       TYPE refers to the user defined data types
       TYPE,assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
     
LIKE :  Tt will allocate memory immediatly.
        It is when data object link with the other data object.
        LIKE refers to existing data type of data object
        LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

0 Formatting options for all Data Types in ABAP

Formatting options for all Data Types in ABAP :

Option	Function
LEFT- JUSTIFIED	Output is left-justified.
CENTERED	Output is centered.
RIGHT- JUSTIFIED	Output is right-justified.
UNDER <g>	Output starts directly under field <g>.
NO-GAP	The blank after field <f> is omitted.
USING EDIT MASK <m>	Specifies format template<m>
USING NO EDIT MASK	Deactivates a format template specified in the ABAPDictionary.
NO-ZERO	If a field contains only zeros,these are replaced by blanks. For type C and Nfields, leading zeros are   replaced automatically.
NO-SIGN	The leading sign is not displayed on the screen.
DECIMALS <d>	<d> defines the number of digits after the decimal point.
EXPONENT <e>	In type F fields, the exponent is defined in <e>.
ROUND <r>	Type P fields are multiplied by 10**(-r) and then rounded
CURRENCY <c>	Format according to currency <c> in table TCURX.
UNIT <u>	The number of decimal places is fixed according to unit <u> specified in table T006 for type P fields.

0 Variables in SAP ABAP

Variables in  SAP ABAP :



Variables are named data objects, you can declare variables statically using declarative statements, or dynamically while a program is running. They allow you to store changeable data under a particular name within the memory area of a program.

DATA is a keyword which is used to declare the variables in SAP ABAP

Syntax :

DATA < Variable Name> Type <Data Type>

                           (Or)

DATA <Variable Name> Like <Data Type>

Ex: DATA V1 Type I.

       DATA V2 Like I.

Type is abap keyword for reference

Fields :

•         Elementary

–        DATA vendor_code(10) TYPE C.

•         Reference to Non Elementary

–        TYPES vend_code(10)  TYPE C,

–        DATA  vendor_code TYPE vend_code.

•         Reference to existing fields

–        DATA : vend_code(10) TYPE C,

                                   vendor_code LIKE Vend_code.

0 Operators in ABAP

Operators in SAP ABAP

In the abap we have 3 types of operators

1.Mathematical Operator

2.Comparitive Operator

3.Relational (or) Logical Operator

Mathematical Operator:

•         Basic operations +,-, / and * along with functions like sin, sqrt etc. are supported

•         Priority of the operations

–        functions ,

–        exponential

–        multiplication  ,division

-       addition  , subtraction

Operators	Description	Example
+	Addition	3+2 = 5
-	Subtraction	3-2 = 1
*	Multiplication	3*2 = 6
**	Exponential	3**2 = 9
/	Division	10/2 = 5.
Mod	Reminder of division of 2 integers	3 mod 2 = 1

Comparitive Operator:

Operators	Description	Example
<(or) LT	Less than	a < b (or) a LT B
> (or) GT	Greater than	a > b (or) a GT b
< =(or) LE	Less than or equal	a <= b (or) a LE b
>= (or) GE	Greater than or equal	a >= b (or) a GE b
= (or) EQ	Equal	a = b  (or) a EQ b
<> (or) NE	Not equal	a <> b (or) a NE b

Relational (or) Logical Operator:

Operators	Description	Example
AND	and	(a<b) and (a<c)
OR	or	(a<b) or (a<c)
NOT	not	A NOT b

Operands:

Operands are the variables which we need to perform the particular operator

Ex: c = a + b.

Here a,b and c are the operands and + and = are operators 

0 Comments in SAP ABAP

Comments in SAP ABAP

1.Comments are the non-executable statements these are used to improve the readability of the program

2.If we want to comment the entire line then we place * at the first character of the line

*----------------------------------------

3.If we want to comment the line we use “

Ex: c = a + b  “Adding a and b

0 SAP ABAP Versions

SAP ABAP Versions 

ABAP We have so many versions some of them are

SAP R/3 3.1I

SAP R/3 4.0B

SAP R/3 4.5B 

SAP R/3 4.7B

SAP R/3 4.6A

SAP R/3 4.6B

SAP R/3 4.6C 

SAP ECC5.0

SAP ECC 6.0

SAP ECC 7.0

Present we are using SAP ECC6.0

Noote : ECC means Enterprise Central Component 

0 Login to SAP System

Login to SAP System :

Once we initialize the SAP in your system then we can find the SAP icon in your desktop

Right Click On it 

Click on the start

Then one popup window will trigger like this

Select the server and click on log on button

Then it will ask the  username and password

Enter the user name and password and click on enter

then you will get sap initial screen 

0 What is SAP transaction code

SAP Transaction code is a short cut key attached to a screen
transaction code is the collection of the screens where we can develop our object, sap provided there own transaction code for each and every concept those are called standard transaction codes .

if you want we can provide our own transaction code those are called custom transaction codes

We can create custom Transaction Code using SE93

0 How to copy one internal table to another in ABAP

Copying an Internal Table into another Internal Table:

If you want to copy the entire contents of one internal table into another in one execution, use the MOVE statement or the assignment operator (=) as follows:
Syntax
MOVE <itab1> TO <itab2>.
This statement is equivalent to:
<itab2> = <itab1>.
Note : above syntax  works only if ITAB2 is Empty
For example if ITAB2 having records at that time we have to use APPEND LINES OF

Syntax :

APPEND LINES OF itab1 TO itab2.

This method of appending lines of one table to another is about 3 to 4 times faster than appending them line by line in a loop. After the APPEND statement, the system field SY-TABIX
contains the index of the last line appended. When you append several lines to a sorted table, you must respect the unique key (if defined), and not violate the sort order. Otherwise, a runtime error will occur.

0 SAP ABAP Sample Report

SAP ABAP Sample Report :

REPORT  zselect_multiple NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.

*// Tables declaration
TABLES : vbak.

*// Types declaration for VBAK
TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_vbak,
        vbeln TYPE vbeln_va,
        erdat TYPE erdat,
        erzet TYPE erzet,
        ernam TYPE ernam,
        angdt TYPE angdt_v,
        END   OF ty_vbak.

*// Types declaration for VBAP
TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_vbap,
        vbeln TYPE vbeln_va,
        posnr TYPE posnr_va,
        matnr TYPE matnr,
        matwa TYPE matwa,
        matkl TYPE matkl,
        arktx TYPE arktx,
        END   OF ty_vbap.

*// Types declaration for Final Internal table
TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_final,
        vbeln TYPE vbeln_va,
        erdat TYPE erdat,
        erzet TYPE erzet,
        ernam TYPE ernam,
        angdt TYPE angdt_v,
        posnr TYPE posnr_va,
        matnr TYPE matnr,
        matwa TYPE matwa,
        matkl TYPE matkl,
        arktx TYPE arktx,
        END   OF ty_final.

*// Internal table declaration
DATA : lt_vbak  TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbak,
       lt_vbap  TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbap,
       lt_final TYPE TABLE OF ty_final.

*// Work area declaration
DATA : wa_vbak  TYPE ty_vbak,
       wa_vbap  TYPE ty_vbap,
       wa_final TYPE ty_final.

*// Variable declaration
DATA : lv_count TYPE i.

*// Selection screen design
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK blk1 WITH FRAME TITLE text-100.
SELECT-OPTIONS s_vbeln FOR vbak-vbeln.
SELECTION-SCREEN END   OF BLOCK blk1.

*// Retrieve data from VBAK
IF s_vbeln IS NOT INITIAL.
  SELECT vbeln erdat erzet ernam angdt
          FROM vbak
          INTO TABLE lt_vbak
         WHERE vbeln IN s_vbeln.
*// Retrieve data from VBAP
  IF lt_vbak IS NOT INITIAL.
    SELECT vbeln posnr matnr matwa matkl arktx
            FROM vbap
            INTO TABLE lt_vbap
             FOR ALL ENTRIES IN lt_vbak
           WHERE vbeln = lt_vbak-vbeln.
  ENDIF.
ELSE.
  MESSAGE 'Please enter selection screen field value' TYPE 'I'.
  EXIT.
ENDIF.

*// Populate data into final internal table
LOOP AT lt_vbap INTO wa_vbap.    " Item Table
  READ TABLE lt_vbak INTO wa_vbak WITH KEY vbeln = wa_vbap-vbeln.
  IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
    wa_final-vbeln = wa_vbak-vbeln.
    wa_final-erdat = wa_vbak-erdat.
    wa_final-erzet = wa_vbak-erzet.
    wa_final-ernam = wa_vbak-ernam.
    wa_final-angdt = wa_vbak-angdt.
    wa_final-posnr = wa_vbap-posnr.
    wa_final-matnr = wa_vbap-matnr.
    wa_final-matwa = wa_vbap-matwa.
    wa_final-matkl = wa_vbap-matkl.
    wa_final-arktx = wa_vbap-arktx.
    APPEND wa_final TO lt_final.
    CLEAR wa_final.
  ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.

*// Count number of records in LT_FINAL table
DESCRIBE TABLE lt_final LINES lv_count.
WRITE : /10 'Number of Sales Records:', lv_count.
ULINE.
SKIP 1.

*// Display output
LOOP AT lt_final INTO wa_final.
  WRITE : / wa_final-vbeln, wa_final-erdat, wa_final-erzet, wa_final-ernam, wa_final-angdt,
            wa_final-posnr, wa_final-matnr, wa_final-matwa, wa_final-matkl, wa_final-arktx.
ENDLOOP.